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The main thrust in this paper is to introduce my dental colleagues to the fundamentals of microendodontic surgery and other recent materials used. I am going to discuss these points…. 1. Use of operating microscope in endosurgery. 2. Miniature endodontic surgical instruments. 3. New recent root – end filling materials. 4. Guided tissue regeneration by membrane technique. 5. Membrane technique replaced by calcium sulfate. 6. Root-end preparation by Er. YAG laser radiation.